OFFICE OF
THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
Protecting Personally
Identifiable
Information on the
Social Security
Administration’s
Intranet Sites
August 2009 A-12-09-29118
By conducting independent and
objective audits, evaluations and investigations, we inspire public confidence
in the integrity and security of SSA’s programs and operations and protect them
against fraud, waste and abuse. We
provide timely, useful and reliable information and advice to Administration
officials, Congress and the public.
Authority
The Inspector General Act created
independent audit and investigative units, called the Office of Inspector
General (OIG). The mission of the OIG,
as spelled out in the Act, is to:
m Conduct
and supervise independent and objective audits and investigations relating to
agency programs and operations.
m Promote
economy, effectiveness, and efficiency within the agency.
m Prevent
and detect fraud, waste, and abuse in agency programs and operations.
m Review
and make recommendations regarding existing and proposed legislation and
regulations relating to agency programs and operations.
m Keep
the agency head and the Congress fully and currently informed of problems in
agency programs and operations.
To
ensure objectivity, the IG Act empowers the IG with:
m
m Access
to all information necessary for the reviews.
m Authority
to publish findings and recommendations based on the reviews.
Vision
We strive for
continual improvement in SSA’s programs, operations and management by
proactively seeking new ways to prevent and deter fraud, waste and abuse. We commit to integrity and excellence by
supporting an environment that provides a valuable public service while
encouraging employee development and retention and fostering diversity and
innovation.
Date:
To: The
Commissioner
From: Inspector General
Subject: Protecting Personally Identifiable Information on the
Social Security Administration’s Intranet Sites (A-12-09-29118)
OBJECTIVE
Our
objective was to determine whether the Social Security Administration’s (SSA) Intranet sites were protecting
personally identifiable information (PII).
BACKGROUND
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Memorandum M-07-16 requires
that Executive agencies safeguard PII[1] in the Government’s possession and
prevent its breach to ensure the Government retains the public’s trust. This responsibility is shared by officials
accountable for administering operational, privacy, and security programs;
legal counsel; agencies’ Inspectors General and other law enforcement; and
public and legislative affairs offices.[2] It is also a function of applicable laws,
such as the Federal Information Security
Management Act of 2002
and the Privacy Act of 1974.[3] OMB suggested three procedures to reduce the
amount of PII available to unauthorized users:[4]
·
reduce the volume of information
collected and retained to the minimum necessary;
·
limit access to only those individuals
who must have such access; and
·
use encryption, strong authentication
procedures, and other security controls to make information unusable by
unauthorized individuals.
To meet the OMB requirements, SSA
established a PII Executive Steering Committee (ESC) to provide oversight as
well as make recommendations on Agency PII policy to the Commissioner. SSA also established other groups to oversee
the public Internet site and internal Intranet sites. For example, the Agency established the Web
Steering Committee (WESCO) to facilitate coordination between responsible
components on the development, management, and maintenance of its public
Internet site. In
addition, SSA established Internet and Intranet Application Standards
Workgroups to oversee the Internet and Intranet sites. By accessing SSA’s Internet site, the public
can learn about SSA’s programs as well as apply for benefits on-line. Access to SSA’s Intranet sites is limited to Agency employees. By using SSA’s Intranet sites, SSA employees
can view information related to SSA’s operations, policies, training, etc.,
through computers connected to SSA’s computer networks.[5] The general public cannot view SSA’s Intranet
sites because they are protected by a firewall.[6]
RESULTS OF REVIEW
Our search of SSA’s Intranet sites
detected 179 instances of PII being displayed.
We found most of this PII on regional Intranet sites maintained by SSA’s
Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR). In addition, we found 11 other instances of
exposed PII on other SSA Intranet sites containing Agency training
manuals. After we notified SSA officials
about the exposed PII, it was immediately removed from the Intranet sites. The Agency lacked a designated component to monitor
PII issues related to SSA’s Internet and Intranet sites. Moreover, SSA had not developed clear and
relevant content standards for safeguarding PII on its websites. This lack of controls may have contributed
to PII being displayed on SSA’s Intranet sites.
PII on ODAR’s Intranet Sites
Most of
the exposed PII we detected was on ODAR’s regional Intranet sites. However, we also found instances of displayed
PII on other Agency components’ Intranet sites.
PII on SSA Intranet Sites Maintained
by ODAR
We
found that 2 of ODAR’s regional Intranet sites displayed PII on 168
contractors. Using SSA’s Intranet search
engine, we searched the Intranet sites for PII and found SSNs, Employer
Identification Numbers (EIN),[7]
personal addresses, and home telephone numbers related to ODAR’s contractors
(see Figure 1). These contractors
include Hearing Reporters, Interpreters, Medical Experts (ME), and Vocational
Experts.[8]
Figure 1: PII Displayed on ODAR's Intranet Sites
by Contractor Position
In most of the cases, the PII was posted on ODAR regional
sites intended to assist other regions in processing hearings. To help manage its growing backlog of pending
hearing claims, ODAR was transferring cases between regions. As a result, hearing offices in one part of
the country were holding hearings related to claimants in a different part of
the country. For instance, an ME at the
Bronx Hearing Office in Region II[9]
might be required to present evidence at a hearing[10]
transferred to the
After
we notified ODAR about the exposed PII, staff immediately removed the
sites. Moreover, ODAR staff noted that
the Intranet sites in question were no longer being used to assist with
workloads.
ODAR Has a More Secure System to
Track Contractor PII
ODAR maintains more secure systems to
store contractor PII, including the Case
Processing and Management System (CPMS)[13] and the Web-Enabled
Budget and Administrative Support System (WebBASS).[14] Access to
CPMS is based on a user’s profile[15] and
therefore has tighter controls for accessing contractor PII. SSA uses
WebBASS to generate call orders[16]
for contractors. Access to WebBASS
requires a user name and password.[17]
In addition, ODAR staff stated
ODAR’s Division of Information Technology Integration (DITI) periodically
shares an Excel spreadsheet containing hearing office contractor information
with the regional WebBASS points of contact.
This spreadsheet assists the hearing offices when cases are transferred
within the regions and hearing offices.
DITI closely controls this contractor spreadsheet and shares it with
ODAR employees on a need-to-know basis.
PII on
Other SSA Regional Intranet Sites
We
found 11 other instances of PII on other SSA Intranet sites. In addition to SSNs, we found personal
addresses, home telephone numbers, and wages displayed on these Intranet
sites. The sites were used for posting
training manuals to operate SSA’s claimant tracking systems. Of the 11 instances,
·
7 contained valid SSNs, but the name
did not match SSA’s Numident Record,[18]
and
·
4 contained valid SSNs with names that
matched SSA’s Numident Record.
We
shared the Intranet links containing PII with SSA’s Webmaster, as well as the
web managers responsible for creating and maintaining these Intranet
sites. We suggested that the web
managers replace the valid SSNs with invalid SSNs such as those containing “00”
in the group number,[19]
since SSA does not issue SSNs with this group number. The web managers either modified or removed
the Intranet sites containing the PII.
Internal
Controls over SSA’s Internet and Intranet
The Agency lacked a designated component
responsible for overseeing PII-related issues on SSA’s Internet and Intranet
sites. In addition, SSA has not
developed clear, relevant content standards for safeguarding PII on its web
sites. This lack of oversight may
have contributed to PII being displayed on SSA’s Intranet
sites.
Lack
of PII Controls over the Internet and Intranet
In our review of the Internet
and Intranet workgroups, as well as discussions with staff in the Office of the
Chief Information Officer (OCIO) and Office of Communications (OCOMM), we
learned that while SSA has a number of organizations reviewing either PII or
the content of the Internet and Intranet sites, no single organization is
responsible for preventing PII from being displayed on these sites. For instance, the PII ESC charter does not
specifically address the role of the Internet or Intranet sites in
disseminating information that could contain PII.[20]
Moreover, WESCO’s mission
regarding the Internet did not mention the role of the Committee in protecting
PII.[21] SSA staff told us that WESCO had coordinated
meetings with SSA’s regional Intranet web managers where PII was
discussed. However, WESCO relied on the
regional Intranet web managers to control PII displayed on regional Intranet
sites.
Finally, we found that while
SSA’s Internet and Intranet Application Standards Workgroups have established
standards for displaying information on the Agency’s websites, these standards
do not discuss controlling the display of PII. The missions of these
workgroups relate more to the design of the application rather than its
content.[22]
We also found some general
content standards for websites on a Web Governance website. The site noted “Sensitive, restricted, or
classified information or information that contains PII (such as SSNs) must not
be included in any web-based file that could be retrieved using a search
engine.” However, it appeared this
guidance was directed at only the Internet sites, and it was not clear what
component, if any, was required to periodically monitor compliance with this
provision.
We
also spoke to OCIO and OCOMM staff to determine what component had overall
responsibility for safeguarding PII at the Agency. OCIO sets Agency policy over PII and is
responsible for ensuring OMB mandates are followed, while OCOMM has control and
provides guidance over SSA's Internet and Intranet sites. However, neither OCIO nor OCOMM developed
content standards for safeguarding PII on SSA’s websites, and staff in
both offices were unaware of any group charged with this responsibility.
The lack of
oversight may have contributed to the PII problems we found
on the Intranet sites. Even though the
Intranet sites are within SSA’s firewall and is not available to the public,
the posted information is still available to employees in SSA and can be
retrieved using a search engine. Establishing a workgroup with oversight of PII
on the Internet and Intranet sites, or adding this to the mission of an
existing workgroup, would ensure SSA is following the OMB mandates on the
protection of PII.
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Our review found PII, including names,
SSNs, EINs, home addresses, and wage information, was being displayed on SSA’s Intranet
sites. Agency Web managers took
immediate action to modify or remove the identified Intranet sites. However, while the Agency has a number of
groups monitoring PII as well as the Internet and Intranet sites, we could not
locate a single organization responsible for preventing PII from being
displayed on these sites. This lack of
oversight may have contributed to PII being displayed on
SSA’s Intranet sites.
To reduce the risk of PII being displayed on SSA’s Internet and Intranet
sites, we recommend that SSA:
1.
Designate
a component with the responsibility of (a) developing PII safeguard policies
over the Internet and Intranet and (b) ensuring adherence with these new
policies.
2.
Designate
a component with the responsibility of periodically reviewing Internet and
Intranet sites to ensure employee and contractor PII
is protected. Such reviews should become part of the Agency’s
internal control structure.
AGENCY COMMENTS
The Agency agreed with our recommendations. See Appendix F for the full text of SSA’s
comments.
/s/
Patrick P. O’Carroll, Jr.
Appendices
APPENDIX A – Acronyms
APPENDIX B – Scope and Methodology
APPENDIX C – Hearing Office Organization Chart and Position Descriptions
APPENDIX D – Personally Identifiable Information Executive
Steering Committee
APPENDIX E – Web Steering Committee
APPENDIX F – Agency Comments
APPENDIX G – OIG Contacts and Staff Acknowledgements
Acronyms
ALJ |
Administrative Law Judge |
COSS |
Commissioner of Social Security |
CPMS |
Case Processing and Management System |
DITI |
Division of Information Technology Integration |
EIN |
Employer
Identification Number |
ESC |
Executive
Steering Committee |
HR |
Hearing
Reporter |
ME |
Medical
Expert |
OCIO |
Office of the Chief Information Officer |
OCOMM |
Office of Communications |
ODAR |
Office of Disability Adjudication and Review |
OIG |
Office
of the Inspector General |
OMB |
Office
of Management and Budget |
Personally Identifiable Information |
|
SSA |
Social
Security Administration |
Social
Security Number |
|
VE |
Vocational
Expert |
WebBASS |
Web-Enabled Budget and Administrative Support System |
WESCO |
Web Steering Committee |
Scope and Methodology
To accomplish our objective, we:
We
performed our review of SSA’s Intranet sites from December 2008 through
March 2009 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing
standards. Those standards require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain sufficient, appropriate evidence to
provide a reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit
objectives. We believe that the evidence
obtained provides a reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on
our audit objectives.
Hearing Office Organization Chart and
Position Descriptions
Below is an example of a hearing
office organization chart for a medium-size hearing office with related
position descriptions for contracted personnel who assist the Agency.
Hearing Office
Roles and Responsibilities
of Contracted Personnel
Title |
Roles and
Responsibilities |
Hearing Reporters (HR) |
The
HR’s duties are to ·
be present at the designated hearing site on the date and time
specified; ·
set up and test the digital recording equipment; ·
record the proper identification information; ·
monitor the recording equipment to ensure it is functioning
properly and a verbatim record of the hearing proceedings is made on the CD
during the hearing; ·
take notes of hearing testimony, ensuring administrative law
judge (ALJ) directives pertaining to additional evidence and other needed
documents are noted; and ·
place CD in envelope and place with notes in a designated area
in the hearing room after the hearing. |
Interpreters |
The
Social Security Administration provides interpreter services, at no cost, to
assist non-English speaking claimants who have difficulty understanding or
communicating in English during any part of the hearing process. The interpreter must accurately interpret
each word spoken during the hearing for the claimant and, as the claimant
answers, listen and render the English version. |
Medical Experts (ME) |
An ALJ
may need to obtain an ME’s opinion, either in testimony at a hearing or in
responses to written interrogatories, when the
|
Title |
Roles and Responsibilities |
ME (Cont.) |
The
ALJ must obtain an ME’s opinion, either in testimony at a hearing or in
responses to written interrogatories, when the Appeals Council or a court so
orders. In addition, the ALJ must use
an ME to evaluate and interpret background medical test data. |
Vocational Experts (VE) |
An ALJ
may need to obtain a VE’s opinion, either in testimony at a hearing or in
written responses to interrogatories, when the ALJ is determining whether the
The
ALJ must obtain a VE’s opinion, either in testimony at a hearing or in
responses to written interrogatories, when directed by the Appeals Council or
a court. |
Personally Identifiable Information Executive Steering Committee
In its April 2008 charter, the personally
identifiable information (PII) Executive Steering Committee (ESC) states its
purpose as follows.
At the Social Security Administration (SSA),
the Commissioner of Social Security (COSS) is the final decision-maker
regarding PII loss notification and remediation policy. The COSS is assisted in
this task by the PII [ESC], which provides oversight and recommendations on
Agency PII policy. The PII ESC also ensures implementation of the Breach
Notification Policy and plan.
Stakeholders are the Deputy Commissioners
and equivalents of the Agency who are responsible for implementation of
Government-required PII protection and security policies. The ESC serves as a forum that supports the
COSS by ensuring that all components are aware of evolving PII requirements,
SSA policies, and their roles and responsibilities with respect to PII policy
implementation.
The core responsibilities of the
ESC members include:
Web Steering Committee
The
Web Steering Committee (WESCO) was established as the Social Security
Administration’s (SSA) Internet organization responsible for (1) facilitating
coordination between responsible components on the development and management of
the Agency’s Internet and (2) maintaining the Internet. All components responsible for a presence on
the Internet are represented in WESCO.
In executing its responsibilities, WESCO is coordinated closely with the
Offices of Communications, Operations, and Systems in their respective areas of
influence.
Agency Comments
SOCIAL SECURITY
MEMORANDUM
|
Date: |
August 7, 2009 Refer |
Refer To: S1J-3 |
To: |
Patrick P. O'Carroll, Jr. Inspector General |
From: |
Margaret J. Tittel /s/ Acting Chief of Staff |
Subject: |
Revised Comments on the OIG Draft Report,
"Protecting Personally Identifiable Information on the Social Security
Administration’s Intranet Sites" (A-12-09-29118)--INFORMATION |
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on the draft
report. We appreciate OIG’s efforts in
conducting this review. Attached is our
revised response to the report findings and recommendations. This response replaces the comments issued on
June 24, 2009 and should be included as part of the final report.
Please let me know if we can be of further assistance. Please direct staff inquiries to
Ms. Candace Skurnik, Director, Audit Management and Liaison Staff,
at extension 54636.
Attachment:
SSA Response
COMMENTS ON THE OFFICE OF THE
INSPECTOR GENERAL DRAFT REPORT, “PROTECTING PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION
ON THE SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION’S INTRANET SITES” (A-12-09-29118)
We
reviewed the draft report findings and recommendations. We are pleased with the report’s
acknowledgement that we removed Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from
the websites identified in this review.
Below please find responses to the specific recommendations.
Recommendation 1
Designate
a component with the responsibility of (a) developing PII safeguard policies
over the Internet and Intranet and (b) ensuring adherence with these new
policies.
Comment
We agree with the intent of the
recommendation. We have long-standing
policies that govern the protection and disclosure of the information we
maintain. These policies apply
regardless of how the information is stored (i.e., paper, electronic, or
online). Since 2006, the Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO)
has been responsible for issuing comprehensive agency PII policy, which covers
the Internet and Intranet. OCIO published a compilation of all PII
policies and recently released a PII Frequently Asked Questions guide. OCIO
will work with our components to ensure adherence to our PII policies,
including the Internet and Intranet.
Recommendation 2
Designate
a component with the responsibility of periodically reviewing Internet and
Intranet sites to ensure employee and contractor PII
is protected. Such reviews should become part of the agency’s
internal control structure.
Comment
We
agree that periodic reviews of both the Internet and Intranet environments will
help ensure no PII resides on those sites. We believe that our current
process, whereby the component of jurisdiction is responsible for ensuring that
PII is not present on the Internet and Intranet, is a more efficient and
effective review. However, given our
commitment to protecting the sensitive information we maintain, OCIO will work
with the Office of Systems and the Office of Communications to investigate the
availability and suitability of automated tools to improve these reviews.
OIG Contacts and Staff Acknowledgments
Walter Bayer, Director,
Nicholas Milanek, Audit Manager,
Acknowledgments
In addition to those named above:
Yaquelin Lara, Auditor
For additional copies of this
report, please visit our web site at www.socialsecurity.gov/oig
or contact the Office of the Inspector
General’s Public Affairs Staff Assistant at (410) 965-4518. Refer to Common
Identification Number
A-12-09-29118.
Commissioner of Social
Security
Office of Management
and Budget, Income Maintenance Branch
Chairman and Ranking
Member, Committee on Ways and Means
Chief of Staff,
Committee on Ways and Means
Chairman and Ranking
Minority Member, Subcommittee on Social Security
Majority and Minority
Staff Director, Subcommittee on Social Security
Chairman and Ranking
Minority Member, Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives
Chairman and Ranking
Minority Member, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
Chairman and Ranking Minority
Member, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives
Chairman and Ranking
Minority, Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education and
Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations,
House of Representatives
Chairman and Ranking
Minority Member, Committee on Appropriations,
Chairman and Ranking
Minority Member, Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education
and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations,
Chairman and Ranking
Minority Member, Committee on Finance
Chairman and Ranking
Minority Member, Subcommittee on Social Security Pensions and Family Policy
Chairman and Ranking
Minority Member, Senate Special Committee on Aging
Social Security
Advisory Board
Overview of the Office of the Inspector General
The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) is comprised of an
Office of Audit (OA), Office of Investigations (OI), Office of the Counsel to
the Inspector General (OCIG), Office of External Relations (OER), and Office of
Technology and Resource Management (OTRM).
To ensure compliance with policies and procedures, internal controls,
and professional standards, the OIG also has a comprehensive Professional
Responsibility and Quality Assurance program.
Office of Audit
OA conducts financial and performance audits of the Social
Security Administration’s (SSA) programs and operations and makes
recommendations to ensure program objectives are achieved effectively and
efficiently. Financial audits assess
whether SSA’s financial statements fairly present SSA’s financial position,
results of operations, and cash flow.
Performance audits review the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of
SSA’s programs and operations. OA also
conducts short-term management reviews and program evaluations on issues of
concern to SSA, Congress, and the general public.
Office of Investigations
OI conducts investigations related to fraud, waste, abuse, and
mismanagement in SSA programs and operations.
This includes wrongdoing by applicants, beneficiaries, contractors,
third parties, or SSA employees performing their official duties. This office serves as liaison to the
Department of Justice on all matters relating to the investigation of SSA
programs and personnel. OI also conducts
joint investigations with other Federal, State, and local law enforcement
agencies.
Office of the Counsel to the Inspector General
OCIG provides independent legal advice and counsel to the IG on
various matters, including statutes, regulations, legislation, and policy
directives. OCIG also advises the IG on
investigative procedures and techniques, as well as on legal implications and
conclusions to be drawn from audit and investigative material. Also, OCIG administers the Civil Monetary
Penalty program.
Office of External Relations
OER manages OIG’s external and public affairs programs, and serves
as the principal advisor on news releases and in providing information to the
various news reporting services. OER
develops OIG’s media and public information policies, directs OIG’s external
and public affairs programs, and serves as the primary contact for those
seeking information about OIG. OER
prepares OIG publications, speeches, and presentations to internal and external
organizations, and responds to Congressional correspondence.
Office of Technology and Resource Management
OTRM supports OIG by providing information management and systems
security. OTRM also coordinates OIG’s
budget, procurement, telecommunications, facilities, and human resources. In addition, OTRM is the focal point for
OIG’s strategic planning function, and the development and monitoring of
performance measures. In addition, OTRM receives
and assigns for action allegations of criminal and administrative violations of
Social Security laws, identifies fugitives receiving benefit payments from SSA,
and provides technological assistance to investigations.
[1] According to OMB M-07-16, PII
refers to information which can be used to distinguish or trace an individual's
identity, such as their name, Social Security number (SSN), biometric records, etc. alone, or when combined with other
personal or identifying information which is linked or linkable to a specific
individual, such as date and place of birth, mother’s maiden name, etc.
[2] OMB M-07-16, page 1.
[3]
[4] OMB M-07-16, page 2.
[5] Intranet sites can be password-protected to restrict
access to a specific group of SSA employees.
[6] A firewall is a software program that acts as a
traffic cop and allows only authorized users access to the information. SSA’s Central Office administers the firewall
software.
[7] An EIN is a nine-digit number the Internal
Revenue Service assigns in the following format: XX-XXXXXXX. According to the Internal Revenue Service, an EIN is also known as a Federal Tax Identification Number
and is used to identify a business entity.
Only SSNs/EINs with a person's name were included in the number of
instances identified where PII was displayed on SSA's Intranet sites, while EINs with an associated business name were not
included.
[8] See Appendix C for more information on these
contractor positions. Prior SSA Office
of the Inspector General audits addressed the internal use of SSA employee
SSNs. See The Social Security Administration’s Internal Use of Employee’s Social
Security Numbers (A-13-04-24046), issued August 2004, and Follow-up: The Social Security
Administration’s Internal Use of Employee’s Social Security Numbers (A-13-07-27164),
issued June 2008.
[9] Region II includes
[10] ODAR has been using video hearings for claims that
are transferred from one region to another.
[11] Region III includes
[12] The regional sites contained other useful information
for the assisting hearing office, such as hearing office contacts, mailing
addresses and procedures, hearing calendars, and hotel information.
[13] CPMS
is a web-based, user-friendly system that includes interactive screens, a
secure and centralized repository of hearing-related data, scheduling
capabilities, hyperlinks to reference material, and interfaces with other SSA
systems.
[14] SSA uses WebBASS to post and track information about
administrative and budgetary items.
[15] A user profile is a collection of personal data
associated to a specific user and, as
such, contains a digital representation of a person's identity.
[16] A call order is a budget agreement to pay a
contractor for its services.
[17] CPMS uses a Contractor Key to interface with WebBASS. The Contractor Key is sent from CPMS to
WebBASS where it is matched with the Contractor’s name, Blanket Purchase
Agreement number and other identifying information.
[18] SSA’s Numident houses
records of original and replacement SSN cards issued over an individual’s
lifetime, as well as identifying information, such as date of birth, place of
birth, and parents’ names.
[19] Within each area, the group number (middle two digits) range
from 01 to 99 but are not assigned in consecutive order.
[20] See Appendix D for more information on the PII ESC.
[21] See Appendix E for more information on the WESCO.
[22] For example, per the Intranet Application Standards Workgroup’s website, the Workgroup provides the Agency with a set of Intranet interface design standards for the development of Intranet applications. The Standards provide application developers with a common set of requirements for Webpage, styles, widgets, and controls. The requirements describe how the widget, control, and application should interact with the user in compliance with Agency and Government security policy standards.